{"id":448,"date":"2026-03-04T10:26:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T10:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/?page_id=448"},"modified":"2026-04-14T18:58:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T16:58:38","slug":"data-knowledge-and-operational-effectiveness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/data-knowledge-and-operational-effectiveness\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Knowledge and Operational Effectiveness"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"448\" class=\"elementor elementor-448\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f727c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f1f727c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74650c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"74650c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"4_1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb50aa9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb50aa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367d524 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"367d524\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49d9732 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49d9732\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-841b524 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"841b524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maritime Seabed-to-Space Situational Awareness<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a664517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a664517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43ce974 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43ce974\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The M-S3A project aims to improve NATO maritime situational awareness by integrating at pace information across domains\u2014land, sea, air, space and cyber\u2014through developing and demonstrating innovative artificial intelligence and information fusion (AI2F) concepts and technologies. Enhanced situational awareness is essential to maintain strategic advantage through ensuring the security and protection of critical infrastructure and maximising the effectiveness of NATO operations in the maritime domain.<\/p><p>Scientific research is carried out under this project along two strands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d1b59 elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d9d1b59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The first strand of research addresses advancing AI2F techniques for S3A from both a theoretical and an operational perspective, focusing on multi-domain data fusion through factor graphs, maritime anomaly detection, and the mathematical development of machine learning methodologies.  In 2025, a novel deep-learning approach for processing passive acoustic data has been developed to detect and track vessels based on underwater acoustic signals, and the first at-sea operational tests of the system were performed in September 2025.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The second strand exploits the research performed under the first strand and applies it to the operational aspects of monitoring and protecting critical undersea infrastructure (CUI).  Work on deep-learning trajectory classification algorithms has improved the capability of CMRE\u2019s Maritime Trajectory Classification (MARITRAC) tool to distinguish between relevant patterns and nominal vessel movements to reduce false alarm rates.  Furthermore, research is being carried out to exploit sparse automatic identification system (AIS) data to indicate in real time whether a vessel could be dragging an anchor in the vicinity of CUI.  The overall intent is to support the NATO Maritime Centre for the Security of CUI within the NATO Shipping Centre (NSC) at Allied Maritime Command (MARCOM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc8937 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9dc8937\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffb95c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ffb95c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a65f0bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a65f0bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486e996 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"486e996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Architecture of CMRE\u2019s Maritime Trajectory Classification tool, to distinguish between relevant patterns and nominal vessel moments to reduce false alarm rate.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Architecture of CMRE\u2019s Maritime Trajectory Classification tool, to distinguish between relevant patterns and nominal vessel moments to reduce false alarm rate.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTEzNiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5jbXJlLm5hdG8uaW50XC9hcjI1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wNFwvZGtvZTEucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1467\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1136\" alt=\"Architecture of CMRE\u2019s Maritime Trajectory Classification tool, to distinguish between relevant patterns and nominal vessel moments to reduce false alarm rate.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1.png 1467w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1-1024x489.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dkoe1-768x367.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1467px) 100vw, 1467px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Architecture of CMRE\u2019s Maritime Trajectory Classification tool, to distinguish between relevant patterns and nominal vessel moments to reduce false alarm rate.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da86602 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"da86602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dataexploit.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Sea trial illustration, to demonstrate the integration of underwater acoustic sensing, remote sensing, and real-time automatic identification system data.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Sea trial illustration, to demonstrate the integration of underwater acoustic sensing, remote sensing, and real-time automatic identification system data. \" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQ5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LmNtcmUubmF0by5pbnRcL2FyMjVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC9kYXRhZXhwbG9pdC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"483\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dataexploit.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-749\" alt=\"Sea trial illustration, to demonstrate the integration of underwater acoustic sensing, remote sensing, and real-time automatic identification system data.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dataexploit.png 483w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dataexploit-230x300.png 230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Sea trial illustration, to demonstrate the integration of underwater acoustic sensing, remote sensing, and real-time automatic identification system data. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maritime Seabed-to-Space Situational Awareness FUNDING BODY: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION The M-S3A project aims to improve NATO maritime situational awareness by integrating at pace information across domains\u2014land, sea, air, space and cyber\u2014through developing and demonstrating innovative artificial intelligence and information fusion (AI2F) concepts and technologies. Enhanced situational awareness is essential to maintain strategic advantage through [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":749,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-448","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Data Knowledge and Operational Effectiveness - CMRE Annual Report 2025<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CMRE works to improve NATO\u2019s maritime situational awareness by integrating and processing information across all domains, through developing and demonstrating innovative artificial and information fusion concepts and technologies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/data-knowledge-and-operational-effectiveness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Data Knowledge and Operational Effectiveness - 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