{"id":472,"date":"2026-03-04T11:00:15","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T11:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/?page_id=472"},"modified":"2026-04-14T19:01:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T17:01:07","slug":"maritime-unmanned-systems-enablers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/maritime-unmanned-systems-enablers\/","title":{"rendered":"Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"472\" class=\"elementor elementor-472\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acc1aa7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"acc1aa7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a36b57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"2a36b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-365b824 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"365b824\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c328df7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c328df7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afcb64c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"afcb64c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ada2cd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ada2cd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4272638 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4272638\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-515d982 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"515d982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Research under the CMRE MUSE programme enables the effective employment of NATO autonomous systems, and focuses on aspects of interoperability and modelling and simulation (M&amp;S).<\/p><p>Work under Interoperability Standards and Security (ISS) for Maritime Unmanned Systems (MUS) focussed on the development of NATO STANAG 4817, which establishes a comprehensive framework for the multi-domain command and control (C2) of unmanned systems. CMRE is lead author of Volume III addressing MUS. The new draft version of STANAG 4817 has been implemented in the Centre\u2019s Command and Control for Maritime Robotic Exploitation (C3MRE) infrastructure, deployed during Task Force X BALTIC SENTRY activities, and the REPMUS, DYNAMIC MESSENGER and CWIX exercises.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89090b7 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"89090b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db735bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db735bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0923ea4 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0923ea4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd06ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5dd06ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c65b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3c65b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e646a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34e646a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Activity under Modelling and Simulation is developing Digital Twin capabilities to investigate the optimal employment of unmanned assets combined with manned platforms in NATO maritime operations. Included in the simulation are live data from different sources, mission planning and optimization algorithms, various platform signatures such as acoustic, magnetic, IR, etc, and mission vignette simulations.<\/p><p>A new version of STANAG 4748 on digital underwater signalling\u2014the JANUS physical standard\u2014was released in 2024, and in 2025 the JANUS Support Team (JST) was initiated under CMRE lead to foster standardization of underwater communications and networking across the Alliance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6904cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6904cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb3aa0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb3aa0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-344f2b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"344f2b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09599ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09599ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0507dcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0507dcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quantum Communication, Navigation, and Computing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ddc719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ddc719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODIES: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION AND THE NATO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b537e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65b537e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0467f2d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0467f2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A key emerging and disruptive technology, Quantum Technologies (QT) offer both strategic opportunity and potential threat. A breakthrough in quantum sensing, communication, or computation has the potential to enhance significantly the warfighting capabilities of Allies, but if deployed by an adversary against NATO, it could severely compromise NATO\u2019s military strategy and technological advantage. NATO must lead, and not follow, in QT.<\/p><p>CMRE continues to expand its QT research activities, which in 2025 focussed on quantum communications, navigation and computing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa9814 elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7fa9814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><u>Quantum communications.<\/u> CMRE staff are developing secure communication methods that leverage quantum principles.  One aspect being investigated is Underwater Quantum Key Distribution (UQKD), which enables the exchange of keys via individual photons.  However, a deep understanding of how light behaves underwater is needed.  In 2025, CMRE researchers, in collaboration with other stakeholders, carried out an at-sea experiment to explore the effect of water waves on the polarization state of light<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><u>Quantum navigation.<\/u> The accuracy of inertial navigation\u2014critically important in environments where satellite navigation is impossible or denied\u2014can be enhanced using quantum magnetometers to detect subtle variations in the Earth\u2019s magnetic field.  An at-sea trial in October 2025 examined the potential of this concept in an operational context.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><u>Quantum computing.<\/u> CMRE operates NATO\u2019s first quantum computing laboratory.  Pertaining to the application of quantum computing in the maritime domain, CMRE researchers developed and fielded a prototype Quantum Navigation algorithm, which is a potential game-changer for precise navigation.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23fc3c e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b23fc3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3eb66e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3eb66e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cd5179 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0cd5179\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d7dc12 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_uc_image_default_theme\" data-id=\"0d7dc12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_uc_image_default_theme.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Thumbnail Gallery -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' href='https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='unitegallery-css' href='https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor\/assets_libraries\/unitegallery\/css\/unite-gallery.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='fancybox-css' href='https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor\/assets_libraries\/fancybox3\/jquery.fancybox.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='uc_ac_assets_file_ug_theme_default_css_3038-css' href='https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/ac_assets\/uc_image_default_theme\/ug-theme-default.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: Thumbnail Gallery *\/\n\n#uc_uc_image_default_theme_elementor_0d7dc12-wrapper{\n  min-height: 1px;\n}\n\n#uc_uc_image_default_theme_elementor_0d7dc12{  \n  margin:0 auto;\n  display: none;\n}\n\n\/* protections *\/\n#uc_uc_image_default_theme_elementor_0d7dc12 .ug-zoompanel.ug-skin-default .ug-zoompanel-button:first-child{\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n\/* end protections *\/\n\n\/* fancybox *\/\n\/* endfancybox *\/\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"uc_uc_image_default_theme_elementor_0d7dc12-wrapper\">\n  <div id=\"uc_uc_image_default_theme_elementor_0d7dc12\" class=\"uc-items-wrapper  \"  data-remote-type=\"gallery\" data-custom-sethtml=\"true\" >\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory\"\n   src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.2-photo-option-768x1152.jpg\"\n    data-image=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.2-photo-option-683x1024.jpg\"\n    data-title=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory\"\n    data-description=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory. \">\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CMRE scientists working in the quantum lab\"\n   src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20250507_CMRE_-46-768x512.jpg\"\n    data-image=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20250507_CMRE_-46-1024x683.jpg\"\n    data-title=\"CMRE scientists working in the quantum lab\"\n    data-description=\"CMRE scientists working in the quantum lab.\">\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory\"\n   src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.2-quantum-lab-768x1152.jpg\"\n    data-image=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.2-quantum-lab-683x1024.jpg\"\n    data-title=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory\"\n    data-description=\"CMRE scientist working at the Centre&#039;s quantum laboratory. \">\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end Thumbnail Gallery -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21da39a elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"21da39a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecial recognition is extended to [the Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, for its] leadership, team spirit and dedication to the IC 2025 Quantum Cluster demonstration 7, focusing on Quantum sensing using magnetometry sensors. The performance of [the Centre\u2019s representative] was truly remarkable and greatly enhanced the impact of Innovation Continuum 2025 on advancing development of Emerging and Disruptive Technologies for Warfare Development.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Major General Juan Jose Soto Rodriguez, ESP A, HQ Supreme Allied Commander Transformation Directorate of Multi - Domain Force Development <\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9c017d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f9c017d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_3\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33fc141 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33fc141\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ef406 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2ef406\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f17d8f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f17d8f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6949577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6949577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Complex Holistic Outline Based Interoperable Network for underwater simulation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f5b718 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f5b718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: ITALIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENCE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c82586 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c82586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Complex Holistic Outline Based Interoperable Network (CHOBIN) for underwater simulation project is a demonstrator of a multi-system underwater warfare scenario simulator developed for the Italian Navy Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale (CSSN) in La Spezia, Italy. The aim of the CHOBIN demonstrator is to support the testing, evaluation, verification and validation (TEVV) of heterogeneous autonomous underwater systems, platforms, and related operational analysis studies. The simulation is compliant with the NATO high-level architecture (HLA) standard, such that it can be part of a federation of NATO simulators and systems, and implements the interoperability standards developed under NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4817.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f26f46 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f26f46\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a375e42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a375e42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9567ea6 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9567ea6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0901c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0901c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Complex Holistic Outline Based Interoperable Network for underwater simulation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4685851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4685851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: ITALIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENCE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d19392a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d19392a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2534d1a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2534d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2025, CMRE staff implemented user priorities and requirements specified by the CSSN customer, and released the CHOBIN v1.1 prototype. Additionally, hardware and commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) software specifications were defined for a rugged portable CHOBIN set up.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-901cb3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"901cb3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_4\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1ea59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c1ea59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48e9005 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48e9005\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e451bca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e451bca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f3738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3f3738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Immersive Environments for Improved Spatial Awareness on Securing CUI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92a78c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92a78c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO DEFENCE AGAINST TERRORISM PROGRAMME OF WORK<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b36983 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b36983\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1548255 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1548255\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since 2019, the CMRE Modelling and Simulation (M&amp;S) team has been developing an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment to enhance the situational and spatial awareness of divers and unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) operators conducting explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operations. This system also aids in the planning and execution of missions to monitor and secure harbours and critical undersea infrastructure (CUI).<\/p><p>Funded by the NATO HQ Defence Against Terrorism Programme of Work (DAT PoW), the prototype VR environment has undergone several development iterations. During 2024, it was deployed in exercises CUTAWAY and OLIVES NOIRES, with the CMRE M&amp;S team receiving much valuable feedback and observations from the operational community. Based on this experience, in 2025 the CMRE project team implemented new functionalities and integrated simulation capabilities to recreate more realistic environmental conditions. Additionally, new CUI and harbour protection scenarios have been produced.<\/p><p>In June 2025, the CMRE team participated in a workshop organised by Spanish Navy Diving Unit (CBA, Centro de Buceo de la Armanda) and the Mine Countermeasures (MCM) Diving Unit (UBMCM, Unidad de Buceo Medidas Contra Minas), and demonstrated the Immersive VR Environment prototype to a total of 25 participants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4abdcfe e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4abdcfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ab8f33 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ab8f33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06c758b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06c758b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2946716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2946716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzY2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LmNtcmUubmF0by5pbnRcL2FyMjVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC83LjRfREFUUE9XX2NhcnRhZ2VuYV93b3Jrc2hvcF8wMi1zY2FsZWQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-766\" alt=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-scaled.jpg 1440w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_02-1152x2048.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5eb5f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5eb5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzY1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LmNtcmUubmF0by5pbnRcL2FyMjVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC83LjRfREFUUE9XX2NhcnRhZ2VuYV93b3Jrc2hvcF8wMS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-765\" alt=\"Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.4_DATPOW_cartagena_workshop_01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photos taken during a demonstration organized with the Spanish Navy Diving Centre (CBA) and the Mine Countermeasures Unit (UBMCM).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e47e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"233e47e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-897980d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"897980d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d945cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d945cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f5527 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77f5527\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8381d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8381d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital Ocean Wargame<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc7d853 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc7d853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO HQ INTERNATIONAL STAFF DEFENCE INVESTMENT DIVISION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b95a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57b95a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a0ab63 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a0ab63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NATO\u2019s Digital Ocean Vision is a key strategic initiative approved by the North Atlantic Council to enhance Alliance seabed-to-space situational awareness in the maritime domain through the use of low-cost systems, sensors and data sources.<\/p><p>As part of this pioneering initiative, a NATO digital war game was held in June 2025, which offered participants the opportunity to test and compare next-generation systems alongside traditional naval platforms, such as frigates, corvettes, maritime patrol aircraft and submarines. Designed to measure and compare how emerging disruptive technologies perform, the war game\u2019s findings directly supported NATO\u2019s Task Force X, and enhanced the Alliance\u2019s overall deterrence and defence posture.<\/p><p>CMRE staff contributed to the design and development of the war game with respect to emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) for maritime operations, with an emphasis on the challenges posed in critical undersea infrastructure (CUI) protection scenarios. Such contributions included:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc63b6 elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"fdc63b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The revision, refinement, and feedback on the rules of the war game.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The design of the cards that summarised the capabilities of unmanned systems potentially available for the players to employ.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The design of the war game questionnaires, which were used during execution to collect structured feedback from the participants.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c19722 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c19722\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b006052 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b006052\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-599d06c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"599d06c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50a34c0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50a34c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Tabletop wargame in progress.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Tabletop wargame in progress. \" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzY3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3LmNtcmUubmF0by5pbnRcL2FyMjVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzAzXC83LjVfRE9XR18wMS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-767\" alt=\"Tabletop wargame in progress.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cmre.nato.int\/ar25\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.5_DOWG_01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Tabletop wargame in progress. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9522b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a9522b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"7_6\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd91d25 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd91d25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-037f519 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"037f519\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30648ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30648ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd728b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dd728b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution Application for Secure Underwater Communications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b55f79c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b55f79c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO SUPREME HQ ALLIED POWERS EUROPE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c21ec elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c21ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Current concepts for maritime warfare operations increasingly involve distributed networks of manned and unmanned system-of-systems. For underwater warfare operations and the protection of critical undersea infrastructure, the effective employment of networks of assets\u2014such as sensors, autonomous vehicles, submarines, ships, etc.\u2014requires secure free-space underwater communications.<\/p><p>CMRE researchers have been investigating Underwater Quantum Key Distribution (UQKD) systems for secure underwater communications. Such systems exchange keys via individual photons, and are capable of distributing a secret key to both stationary and moving nodes of an underwater network.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c85c90f e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c85c90f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12763d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12763d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9bf5 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2a9bf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d3e8c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d3e8c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution Application for Secure Underwater Communications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e94a75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e94a75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FUNDING BODY: NATO SUPREME HQ ALLIED POWERS EUROPE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b0792c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b0792c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a0f4d4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a0f4d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Using several different real-life operational scenarios, this study focussed on the applicability of UQKD from a user perspective, highlighting its potential benefits, as well as investigating and trying to overcome the technology\u2019s limitations and vulnerabilities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers FUNDING BODY: NATO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION Research under the CMRE MUSE programme enables the effective employment of NATO autonomous systems, and focuses on aspects of interoperability and modelling and simulation (M&amp;S). Work under Interoperability Standards and Security (ISS) for Maritime Unmanned Systems (MUS) focussed on the development of NATO STANAG 4817, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":479,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-472","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers - CMRE Annual Report 2025<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Research into Maritime Unmanned Systems Enablers supports effective employment of NATO autonomous systems and focuses on aspects of interoperability, underwater communications, and modelling and simulation. 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